非谓语动词
动名词doing和不定式to do
一 不定式：1）基本形式及特点
           2）用法
           3) 注意事项
一)、基本形式：“to+动词原形 ”
如：to read, to eat,  to drink
有时可以不带 to
如：let sb.  read,  hear sb. do sth.
二)、特点：没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以担任除谓语以外的任何成分。
三)、用法 ：
1、作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy .
= It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用IT作形式主语，将不定式后置。动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数。
  [考例]—What do you think of tomorrow’s football match?         
—____ difficult for us ____ the match.
A. We’re; to win B. We’re; wining  C. It’s; to win  D. It’s; wining
  [解析]本题句意是“对于我们来说，赢得这场比赛很困难。”“It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth.”是一种常用句式，其中it是形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。
   [考例]  It _____ Yang Liwei about 21 hours ___ the earth 14 times in his spaceship.
     A. spent; circling      B. took; traveling 
     C. spent; to travel     D. took; to circle
[解析] spend主语只能是人，”It took sb. Some time to do sth.”意为“花费某人多少时间做某事。”是一个固定句式
2、作表语
如：The important thing is to finish the work on time .
My work is to clean the room every day.
    My dream is to be a doctor.
通常情况下，句子中的表语是由名词或形容词来担任。
He is a student.
He is kind.
3、作宾语动词 + to do
常见动词有： agree,decide ,fail, hope, wish , want, plan, seem, appear，happen，expect，promise, decide, afford, manage, be said to, would like to等
[考例]I hope ___ a good job in a foreign company arter I gradute ____ school.
A. To find; from   B.finding,from   C.to find;at D.finding; at.
[解析]hope后面只能接带to不定式作宾语，不能接动名词作宾语。“从……毕业”英语中用gradute from.
动词+疑问词 + to do
I don’t know what to do .
[注意] “疑问词+不定式”做宾语和宾语补足语时，常与下列动词连用：know, show, teach, tell, find out, learn, decide, forget等。
—We can see QQ to talk with each other online.
—Good! Will you please show me ____ it?
A. What to use B. how to use
C. When to use D.where to use
[解析]此题考查“连接词+不定式”结构在句中作定语补足语的用法。连接词who, how, what, which, where, when等都可接带to的不定式构成一个不定短语，作主语、宾语、表语或补足语等。此题use后有宾语it，不能用what。根据意思，应为请告诉我怎样使用它？

4. 作宾补:
动词 + 宾语 +to do
Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary .
类似结构的动词有: tell,wish, ask, want , hate, prefer,invite,warn, allow,encourage,advise 等。
My mother often tells me ____ my classmates when they want.
A.  help    B. to help     C. helping     D. helps
[解析]tell后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成:tell sb. to do sth. 短语。
4. 作宾补:
动词 + 宾语 + do(不带 to  的不定式)
[ 注]   常见的感官动词有:see, hear, feel, watch,observe,    notice；
       常见的使役动词 :have ,make,let.
[考例] My sister doesn’t like the dress. She thinks it makes her _____ fat.
A. Look     B. looks      C. to look      D. looked
[解析]make在此是使役动词，其后的宾语补足语应使用省to的不定式。

5、作状语
可以表目的、表结果、表原因
[考例]  The sick woman is _____ weak ___ look after herself.
A. too, to   B. so that C. very, to          D. so, to
[解析]  此题考查too…to…结构，该结构意为“太……而不能……”不定式短语作结果状语。

6、作定语
不定式作定语多和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”，即被修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者，如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后面加上相应的介词。
[考例]—Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?
        —This Sunday? I’m sorry. I have a lot of homework ____ this Sunday
A.to do    B. done      C. do           D. to be done
[解析] 根据题意，“这个星期天我有很多作业要做。”可知应用不定式短语作定语。做作业是“我”发出的动作。应使用不定式的主动形式。

在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点要注意哦！
1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式可省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to, 如
I always saw her play violin .
She always was seen  to play violin by me.
He was made to work 12hours a day.
2、动词不定式的否定形式为：
       not + to do
Mr.Smith asked the boy   ___________(not play) this kind of game.
Please have him __________(not do) so much housework.

动名词
：1）基本形式及特点
  2）用法
  3) 注意事项
一、基本形式： 动词原形 + ing
二、特点：1、具有名词、动词的一些特征。
          2、有时态和语态的变化
三、用法
1、作主语
Picking apples is much better than having classes.
2、作宾语
（1）只能接动名词做宾语的动词有:miss, finish, mind, keep, practice, enjoy, 等。
考例]—How can I improve my spoken English.
—You have to practise____ as much as you can.
A. Speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
（2）只能接动名词做宾语的动词短语有：look forward to, feel like,be busy, do well in,be worth,be good at,keep on, go on等。
[考例1] Mr. Green kept on _____ the players ______ teamwork.
       A.asking;to remember B.asking;remembering
       C.To ask;remembering D.to ask;to remember
[考例2] It’s true that every student ____ to having a good future.
A. Hopes B.look forward C.wishes D.wants
（3）既可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有两类：
意义区分不大：begin , start, like, love, hate, prefer 等。
意义不同：remember, forget, stop, try 等
[考例] We have worked for three hours. Now let’s stop _____ a rest.
A. Had B.have C.to have D.having
[解析] 根据句意“我们已经工作了3个小时了，现在我们停下来休息一会。”可知，应使用stop to do.
3、作表语
His favorite sport is playing basketball
4、作定语
动名词作定语多表示被修饰的名词所起的作用或用途。一般可改写为含有“for+动名词”或含有“for+动名词”的定语从句。
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming  或   a pool which is used for swimming
注意两点
1、动名词的复合结构为：
名词所有格 +动名词
形容词性物主代词
Do you mind _________the window?
a. me to open   b. I open     c. my opening      d. me opening